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Energy of Phase Changes

▶︎  Watch it animatedinteractive step-through · ~3 min · optional

A heating curve shows how temperature changes as energy is added. Sloped sections warm a single phase; the flat plateaus are phase changes, where the added energy goes into breaking intermolecular forces rather than raising the temperature. Melting (fusion) and boiling (vaporization) both plateau, but boiling costs more energy than melting.

UNIT 6 TOPIC 6.5 • ENERGY OF PHASE CHANGES PHASE ENERGY HEATING CURVE temperature heat added solid warms melting plateau q = nΔHfus liquid warms boiling plateau q = nΔHvap gas warms PHASE-CHANGE SIGNS ABSORB energy (+) melting · vaporizing · subliming RELEASE energy (−) freezing · condensing · depositing melting ⇄ freezing are equal & opposite EVAPORATIVE COOLING The fastest, highest-energy particles escape the liquid, so the average kinetic energy (temperature) of the liquid left behind decreases. CED ANCHOR WITHIN one phase (sloped line) heat raises temperature: q = mcΔT AT a phase change (flat plateau) temperature is CONSTANT: q = nΔHfus or q = nΔHvap The plateau energy overcomes intermolecular attractions — it does not raise kinetic energy, so T stays fixed. AP Chemistry · Unit 6 · Thermodynamics
On a heating curve, sloped regions warm a single phase (temperature rises) while flat plateaus are phase changes: the added energy breaks intermolecular forces at constant temperature. Boiling requires more energy than melting, so its plateau is longer.
Heating Curve · Open the sandbox →

The misconceptions misread the plateaus (temperature is constant there because energy breaks IMFs, not because nothing is happening) and assume melting and boiling cost the same (vaporization requires more energy than fusion). During a phase change, energy in does not raise the temperature.

The work

3 ways in · any order
Lesson
Phase-Change Energy

A heating curve's plateaus are phase changes where energy breaks IMFs at constant temperature, and boiling costs more than melting. The lesson reads the curve, then closes with a ten-scenario check.

Skill check · 10 scenarios
Diagnostic
10-item topic check

Ten items spanning the Topic 6.5 misconceptions: heating-curve plateaus misread, melting and boiling assumed equal in cost, and ΔH treated as fixed regardless of amount.

Not started · 10 items · ~15 min
Targeted Practice
Drill a single misconception

Pick one of the failure modes you missed and drill it on its own. The round is adaptive: two correct in a row clears the misconception and moves you to the next.

Take the diagnostic to identify your misconceptions