Mistake Master

Elastic and Inelastic Collisions

Two carts collide on a frictionless track. With no outside push on the pair, total momentum is the same before and after. Total kinetic energy is not. Elastic collisions keep all of it. Perfectly inelastic ones lose the most they can; the carts stick together afterward, sharing one velocity. What sets the difference isn't the track, it's what the carts are made of.

One shared initial state, two collision outcomes. The system momentum bars are equal lengths; the system kinetic energy bar is full in the elastic case and half-full in the perfectly inelastic case. BEFORE AFTER SYSTEM p SYSTEM K m v m v = 0 ELASTIC v = 0 v p K CONSERVED PERFECTLY INELASTIC v/2 p K LOST → HEAT, SOUND, DEFORMATION
Two collisions, one shared starting point. The pink bar (momentum) ends up the same length both times: momentum is conserved either way. The yellow bar (kinetic energy) is only full in the elastic case; in the perfectly inelastic case, half of it has gone to heat, sound, and deformation.
Kinetic Energy Lab · Open the sandbox →

Three traps. First, mixing up which law goes with which collision type: momentum is conserved in every collision, but kinetic energy only in elastic ones. Second, reading "perfectly inelastic" as "stops"; the carts do share one velocity afterward, but it's only zero if the system started with zero net momentum. Third, applying both laws to an inelastic collision and getting a contradiction, because energy actually left the kinetic ledger.

The work

3 ways in · any order
Lesson
Elastic and Inelastic Collisions

A five-section read on telling collision types apart, with a worked perfectly-inelastic example and three pitfall cards. Finishes with a ten-scenario applet that drills the topic-specific misconceptions and the cross-cutting ones from the rest of Unit 4.

Skill check · 10 scenarios
Diagnostic
10-item topic check

Ten multiple-choice items, mixed quantitative, factor-of-change, and symbolic. About fifteen minutes. Each wrong answer flags a specific misconception so the targeted-practice round below knows what to drill.

Not started · 10 items · ~15 min
Targeted Practice
Drill a single misconception

Pick one of the failure modes you've missed and grind it on its own. The round is adaptive: two correct in a row clears the misconception and you move on.

Take the diagnostic to identify your misconceptions