Properties of Substances and Mixtures
Thirteen topics on how particles interact and what those interactions produce. Intermolecular forces and the states of matter they hold together, the ideal gas law and the kinetic theory behind it, why real gases deviate, solutions and solubility, how mixtures are separated, and the spectroscopy that reads matter with light.
Topics
Equations For every problem in this unit
Ideal gas law
PV = nRT (T in kelvin)
Kinetic energy
average KE ∝ T (kelvin)
Real-gas deviation
largest at high P and low T
Molarity
M = moles solute / liters of solution
Dilution
M1V1 = M2V2 (moles of solute fixed)
Solubility rule
like dissolves like (match the intermolecular forces)
Photon energy
E = hν = hc / λ
Wavelength ↔ energy
short λ = high ν = high energy
Beer-Lambert law
A = εbc (absorbance linear in concentration)
Unit 1 tools
Challenge bank
60 open-ended problems.
Read the question, work it out, then flip the card to compare your reasoning to the worked solution. Mark each card so you can return to the ones that still bite.
Question
Tap card to reveal explanation
Worked solution
Tap card to return to question
Nothing here yet.
Switch to All, work through some cards, and tag them as Got it or Revisit.
Cumulative assessment
Test the unit.
Twenty mixed items pulled from across all 13 topics. Identifies which misconceptions still bite when you cannot see which topic the question came from.
20questions
13topics
11codes covered