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Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations

To find equilibrium concentrations, combine an ICE table with the known K: substitute the equilibrium row into the K expression and solve for the unknown change x. When K is small, the small-x approximation (ignoring x where it is added to a much larger number) simplifies the algebra — but its validity must be checked afterward.

UNIT 7 TOPIC 7.7 • CALCULATING EQUILIBRIUM CONCENTRATIONS ICE SOLVER WORKED PROBLEM H₂(g) + I₂(g) ⇌ 2 HI(g) K = 50.0 · start: [H₂] = [I₂] = 1.00 M, [HI] = 0 [H₂] [I₂] [HI] Initial 1.00 1.00 0 Change −x −x +2x Equil. 1.00−x 1.00−x 2x SOLVE FOR X 50.0 = (2x)² / (1.00 − x)² √50.0 = 2x / (1.00 − x) x = 0.780 Equilibrium concentrations: [H₂] = 0.220 M [I₂] = 0.220 M [HI] = 1.56 M PARTICLE CHECK H₂ I₂ HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI HI The particle view matches the math: little H₂ and I₂ remain (0.220 M), and much more HI is present (1.56 M). DIRECTION BEFORE SOLVING Q = 0, so Q < K With no product yet, Q = 0 < K, so the reaction must shift right (forward) before it can reach equilibrium — confirming the +2x change and −x reactant loss above. CED ANCHOR Use an ICE table + K to solve for unknown AP Chemistry · Unit 7 · Equilibrium
To find equilibrium concentrations, set up an ICE table, substitute the equilibrium row into the K expression, and solve for x. When K is small, the small-x approximation can simplify the algebra — but it must be checked for validity afterward.
ICE Solver · Open the sandbox →

The trap leaves the small-x approximation unchecked. It is valid only when x is small compared to the initial concentration (commonly, x is under ~5% of it); if not, you must solve the full equation. Approximate, then verify.

The work

3 ways in · any order
Lesson
Equilibrium Concentrations

An ICE table plus K solves for equilibrium concentrations, with the small-x approximation used only when valid. The lesson solves and checks the approximation, then closes with a ten-scenario check.

Skill check · 10 scenarios
Diagnostic
10-item topic check

Ten items spanning the Topic 7.7 misconception: the small-x approximation left unchecked when it does not actually hold.

Not started · 10 items · ~15 min
Targeted Practice
Drill a single misconception

Pick one of the failure modes you missed and drill it on its own. The round is adaptive: two correct in a row clears the misconception and moves you to the next.

Take the diagnostic to identify your misconceptions