Two Forces, One Tug-of-War

Every periodic trend is the same fight, refereed twice. Rising nuclear charge pulls the outer electrons in. Added shells and their shielding push them out. Across a period only the pull changes, so the pull wins. Down a group only the distance changes, so distance wins. Learn which force is moving and the trend is already decided.

8 STEPS · 6 QUICK CHECKS · RADIUS IN PM · IONIZATION ENERGY IN KJ/MOL · v1